Power Grid

The evolution of the power grid: pathways to achieve 100% of renewable electricity

"Power grid has to evolve towards a smarter, flexible grid”

    

The inflexibility of energy systems combined with the rise of renewables (REN) in the generation mix and changing climatic conditions have led to growing electricity-related challenges.  In addition, grid saturation remains a key barrier to renewables.  Concern levels have stayed high (70% in 2022; 63% in 2025).  In summer 2025, Europe saw 11% curtailment, w/ similar trends in China, Brazil, Germany, Chile, and the UK, suggesting curtailment is becoming structural [RP, 2026].

  

Meanwhile, countries worldwide have set ambitious net zero targets.  Achieving these targets requires more REN energy in power systems [Wartsila, 2023].  Key modern grid challenges include [NREL, 2018]:

  

• Increasing levels of power electronics-based VRE (variable renewable energy), particularly solar & wind.

• More use of automation, controls, data, and ICT (information & communication techs), as seen in smart grids.

• Integration of emerging techs: EVs, distributed storage, and flexible loads (time-shifting & power modulation).

• Growing decentralization, making grid operation and control more complex.

  

As the grid reaches higher REN penetration and requires greater flexibility, utilities will need to explore a broad range of options (Figure 1).  With energy demand increasing, along with the share of renewable energy sources, it will evolve from traditional solutions to non-wires alternatives (NWA) (Figure 2).

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