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Crude Oil Fractional Distillation
"The most common form of separation technology in petroleum refineries"
Fractional distillation is the process by which oil refineries separate petroleum (crude oil) into different, more useful hydrocarbon products based on their relative molecular weights.
Figure 1 shows the fractional distillation of crude oil. In this process, heated crude oil enters a tall fractional column, which is hot at the bottom and gets cooler towards the top, and the oil vapours rise through the column and condense when they become cool enough: liquids are led out of the column at different heights.
Table 1 shows the boiling point & carbon chain length for each fractional distillation product. Figure 2 shows the petrochemical industry value chain. Figure 3 shows chemical products created from petroleum and NG refining.
Figure 1: Crude oil fractional distillation process
Table 1: Fractional distillation results
Figure 2: Petrochemical industry value chain
Figure 3: Chemical products created from refining petroleum
