SP & PT versions under construction
BR Grain Output
Grain Production – 2024/2025 Harvest [CONAB, 2025]
Brazil’s grain production for the 2024/2025 harvest reached a record 350.2 Mt, with soybeans and corn standing out. Soybean production totaled 171.41 Mt, while corn reached 139.47 Mt, of which 80% came from the 2nd crop (around 112 Mt). This grain production represents a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 8% over the past three years. Overall, Brazil’s total agricultural production, encompassing both grains and other crops (such as sugarcane, fruits, coffee & cotton), reached around 1.2 Gt.
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Rice, wheat, cotton & beans
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Rice national production reached 12.75 Mt, with 70% coming from Rio Grande do Sul (RS) state, while wheat totaled 7.5 Mt. Cotton & beans production amounted to 4.06 & 3.07 Mt, resp. Soybeans, corn, and rice together account for roughly 90% of the country’s total grain prod., with Cerrado region (mainly MT & GO) contributing a growing share of soybeans & corn, supporting domestic supply & exports.
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Grain storage
Total installed storage capacity of grain storage stood at around 217 Mt in 2025, covering only about 61% of the country’s annual grain output, which exceeds 354 MT. This results in a structural storage deficit of more than 137 Mt, creating a major logistical bottleneck, notably during peak harvest periods (soybean: Jan-Mar & second-crop corn: Jun-Aug), when logistical pressure is at its highest. The shortage forces rapid commercialization, intensifies transport congestion, increases freight costs, and contributes to post-harvest losses, reducing producers’ margins & supply chain efficiency. Figure 1 shows grain production vs static storage capacity in Brazil.​​
Figure 1: Grain Production vs Static Storage Capacity in Brazil
​BR’s crop expansion outlook
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Brazil’s agricultural growth since the 2000s has been largely driven by pastureland conversion, mainly in the Cerrado, consolidating the country as a global leader in commodity crops. Importantly, pasture degradation refers primarily to the condition of grasses rather than to intrinsic soil productivity and is typically associated with overgrazing, insufficient soil fertilization, and limited weed and pest control. As degraded pastures are present across virtually all regions of the country, Brazil retains substantial and geographically diversified potential for further agricultural expansion.
According to Embrapa, up to 28.3 million ha (70 million acres) of existing pastureland could still be converted to crop production without deforestation, representing a potential 35% expansion of the current cultivated area [FDD, 2024], while a third annual crop becomes economically viable mainly under irrigation, given prevailing climatic & agronomic constraints. Figure 2 shows the crop expansion potential over degraded pastureland in BR, highlighting MT & GO as the leaders in expansion potential.​​
Figure 2: Crop expansion potential over degraded pastureland in BR
​Harvest forecast
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CONAB projects that Brazil will harvest a record grain crop in 2025/26, estimated at 353.4 to 354.7 Mt, setting a new historical record. Production is primarily driven by soybeans, expected to reach around 178 Mt, and a historic record in coffee, surpassing 66 million bags. Together, these figures underscore Brazil’s strategic role in global food supply and highlight increasing pressures on logistics, storage, and export infrastructure, as rising production volumes demand expanded transport capacity, larger storage facilities, and more efficient coordination across road, rail, and port networks.